Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is characterized by the development of tumors in the pituitary, parathyroid, endocrine glands, and pancreas. It is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, as evidenced by studies indicating that female MEN1 patients have a higher relative risk of developing breast cancer compared to the general population. This article presents a case of MEN1 complicated by severe shock symptoms. Auxiliary examinations indicated the presence of gastrinoma, pituitary adenoma, and parathyroid adenoma. This disease exhibits a high degree of familial aggregation, and the judicious application of genetic testing for patients and their families holds significant importance for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.